射电望远镜极轴调整法

The Adjustment Method of The Radio Telescope Pole Axis

架设在赤道坐标系统的仪器,都有极轴调整的问题。本文介绍了一种极简单的调整原理和方法。利用仪器的光学系统跟踪北极星,从而准确地测出天极偏离仪极的东西分量和上下(天顶方向)分量,然后把这些分量直接转换成基座上固定整机的螺丝扣,进行调整,只要进行3—5次的调整就能得到相当满意的效果。这种调整方法比以往的调整方法有明显的改进,纠正了以前调整说明中的不当之处。这种调整方法有两大优点:首先,观测时只跟踪北极星,观测和操作都极为方便,并能准确判断出天极偏离仪极的方向。用不着去找东天或中天时的星来求出天极偏离仪极的东西分量和上下分量。第二,不用光标就能准确地调整仪极和天极的基本重合。这是一种经得起实践考验的调整方法。经实践证明,这种调整方法不仅正确,而且操作简便。

It is a general question to adjust the pole axis for every equipment mounted at the equatoriat system of coordinates. This article introduce a very simple principle and method of adjusting pole axis. The deviation components of the E—W direction and the UP—down direction <the zenith direction> between the celestial pole and the apparatus pole can be exactly measured by tracking the arctic star with the optical system of the equipment. These components are directly transfered to the pitch of clamping screws on whole machine base. With 3—5 times adjustments of the clamping screws, the pole axis can be adjusted with satisfaction.This adjustment method improves apparently upon the method used in the past. Someunsuitable respectes of the past method are modified. There are two pointes of advantage in this adjustment method: The first, it only needs tracking the arctic star in observation.This is very convenient for the observation and operation. The direction of the apparatus pole deviated from the celectial pole can be taken out exactly and there is no needd to look for the star on the easterm hemisphere near horizon or on the culmination of celectial sphere to find out the deviation component of the E—W direction and the ccp—down direction between the celestial pole and the apparatus pole, The second, the apparatus pole can also be adjusted accuratly to an approximate coincidence with the celectial pole.It is proved in practice that the adjustment method is not only proper but also simple and convenient for operation.