谷地森林景观质量评价关键因子的提取

Extracting Key Factors of Forest Landscape Elements in Valley Land

以亚热带地区典型的谷地森林景观作为研究对象,利用景观评价的SBE方法,结合因子提取方法,共提取了影响谷地森林美景度的7大关键因子,包括:近中远景灌木因子(S_1)、中远景乔木胸径与树高因子(S_2)、中远景绿量因子(S_3)、中远景草本高度因子(S_4)、近景乔草高度与盖度因子(S_5)、中远景乔木盖度因子(S_6)、景深因子(S_7)等。通过因子分析发现,因子总得分与谷地森林美景度呈抛物线趋势关系,谷地森林景观并非由某个单一因子控制,是不同景观因子相互影响、相互作用的结果。谷地森林美景度与景深因子和中远景乔木胸径与树高因子密切相关。调控谷地森林美景度的措施主要包括以下几个方面:①降低近景草本和灌木高度,提高草本盖度,控制近景乔木密度,尽量避免种植高大乔木。②中远景种植高大的乔木树种,中远景种植的乔木不能整齐划一、树种单调,要适当多样化,保证种植乔木树种在垂直空间上有高低起伏,在水平空间上有冠幅和胸径大小的变化,体现景观的层次感和空间感,达到森林美景度的提升。

The typical valley forest landscape in the subtropical region was taken as the research object. Using the SBE method of landscape assessment and the factor extraction method,seven key factors affecting the beauty of valley forest landscape were extracted including the factors of the shrubs in the close,middle and distant view of valley forest landscape(S1),DBH and height of arbors in the middle and distant view(S2),green quantity in the middle and distant view(S3),herbs in the middle and distant view(S4),height and coverage of arbors and herbs in the close view(S5),coverage of arbors in the middle and distant view(S6),and the factor of depth of field(S7),etc. Through factor analysis,it is found that the total score of the factors has a parabolic trend relationship with the beauty of the valley forest landscape. The valley forest landscape is not controlled by a single factor. It is the result of mutual influence and interaction of different landscape factors. The beauty of the valley forest landscape and the factor of depth of field are closely related to the factor of DBH and height of arbors in the middle and distant view. Measures to control the beauty of valley forests landscape mainly include the following aspects:(1) Reducing the height of herbs and shrubs in the close view,increasing the coverage of herbs,appropriately reducing the height and density of shrubs and arbors in the close view,and controlling the density of arbors in the close view,as far as possible avoid planting tall arbors.(2) Planting midium-sized arbors species in the middle and distant view. Arbors planted in the middle and distant view should not be uniform,monotonous,but diversified to ensure that the planted arbors species have vertical fluctuations and fluctuations of the size of crown width and DBH at the horizontal dimension. The change reflects the sense of depth and space of the landscape,and enhances the beauty of the forest landscape.