背反的自由与自由的背反——西方马克思主义的现代性话语

Paradoxical Freedom and Paradox of Freedom:Modernist Discourse of Western Marxism

西方马克思主义对"自由"的探讨既秉承了康德先验"自由"意义上的西方哲学形而上理想追问,又以下沉到资本主义工业文明现实生活的方式展示出自由的尘世境遇,显示其独树一帜的理论风格与批判特质。与马克思对自由的现代性批判相比,西方马克思主义选择退回到哲学文化层面进行理论批判,对马克思现代性批判做出自我解读,以及在批判资本主义制度与付诸变革实践上的不彻底性,成为与马克思现代性批判相距甚远的原因所在。

When it refers to the definition of freedom,western Marxism has inherited metaphysical tradition shaped by Kant.Western Marxism has also gained knowledge about freedom from the real life of capitalist industrial civilization in Western world.These enable Western Marxism to have unique theoretical styles and characteristics.Different from Marx who judges freedom from modernity,Western Marxism views freedom from the aspect of philosophy and culture, understanding Marx's criticism of modernity in its own way.The incompleteness of its criticism on capitalist system and practice in reform is also the reason for the great distance from Marx's criticism of modernity.