挪威对萨米人的民族政策研究

A Study of the Ethnic Policies of the Sami People in Norway

萨米人被称为北欧的印第安人,是北欧的土著居民。二战前,挪威官方对待萨米人的民族政策是建立在社会达尔文主义上的同化政策,意图将萨米人同化为挪威人,进而灭亡萨米族群。二战后,同化的民族政策逐渐转变为尊重和保护的民族政策,萨米人的权益逐渐得到承认和保障。挪威做法可借鉴的经验在于:其一,土著族群身份的确认和族群意识的形成是权利得到承认和尊重的前提;其二,特别重视土著民的文化权利,用充分的语言文字权作为形成和维系土著民族群意识的关键;其三,在族际关系的处理中尽量回避敏感性问题,避免直接的激烈对抗,用和平和规范的方式来实现具体权利的保障。

Sami,which is known as the Indian in North Europe,is the indigenous people in North Europe.Before World War Two,Norway's ethnical policy toward Sami is on the basis of Darwinian policy of assimilation,which intends to assimilate the Sami people into Norway.After World War Two,Norway's ethnical policy has transferred to respect and protect Sami Culture.Sami people`s interest and right have been acknowledged and guaranteed.We can gain the following experiences from Norway's ethnical policy:First,before getting acknowledgement of interest,they must get the confirmation of ethnical identity and group ideology.Second,great importance is attached to their culture,especially their language and letters,to safeguard group ideology.Third,in dealing with the relationship between different ethnic0 0 7.28 2 groups sensitive issues would be evaded in a great effort,and direct and violent conflict would be avoided.Instead,peaceful and standard means are adopted to guarantee concrete rights.