精准农业技术应用示例分析

ANALYSIS ON EXAMPLE OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION

本文以中国科学院知识创新项目《新疆棉花精准种植系统试验示范》为例 ,详细论述了棉花精准种植试验示范研究在新疆生产建设兵团开展的基础条件与可操作性 ,并结合项目在试验示范区开展研究工作以来具体实施的技术思想、方法、手段 ,分别介绍了GPS、RS、GIS技术在精准农业研究中的应用和 3S技术在新疆棉花精准种植中具体应用情况与取得的初步成果。

A new agriculture, precision agriculture, forms by combining information technology and agricultural production. The research on the ideology and technology of precision agriculture has been undertaken in China since 1992. For example, in the aspect of GPS, an experimental demonstration research on prevention and control of aphids was carried out in an area of 15,000 hm 2 in Shunyi region by using GPS; in the aspect of RS, a research on the dynamic monitoring of the growing situation of crops and on the yield estimation of crops was carried out by using RS in whole China in 1997; in the aspect of GIS, an applied study on the agro ecological management on the Liaohe plain, Jilin province, was undertaken in 1997, the 'Wanwei Net of GIS ' has been developed for the agricultural development in Jilin province, and a GIS based management system of agricultural resources at county level has been developed in Miyun County, Beijing; and in the aspect of ES, the 'Demonstration Engineerings of ES Agricultural Information and Technology Application' have been undertaken by the 'State 863 programmer' in 20 provinces and cities. At present, the research on wheat, corn, soybean, cotton, beet, potato, etc, has been involved in the precision agriculture. The precision growing experimental areas of wheat, paddy and cotton in China are respectively located in Hebei province and Beijing, Jiangsu province and Shanghai, and Shihezi, Xinjiang. By taking the 'Experimental Demonstration of Cotton precision growing System in Xinjiang', an innovational program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, as a case study, this paper discusses the basic conditions and the manipulation of the research on the experimental demonstration of cotton precision growing in Xinjiang Group Company of production and Construction, and also presents the practical application situation and the obtained preliminary achievements of GPS technology in farmland information collection, field management, and ES machinery, of RS technology in obtaining the growing areas of crops and spectrum information and in monitoring the growing situation of crops, and of GIS technology in the strategic decision system of farmland management, experts' intellectual knowledge system, experts' intellectual consultation and strategic decision system, interconnected management and training system, etc, in cotton precision growing in Xinjiang by combining the practically implemented technological ideology, ways and means in the demonstration areas since undertaking the research program.