香港回归与内地移民初职地位获得——基于内地移民教育获得地的实证研究

The Return of Hong Kong and the Initial Vocational Status of Mainland Immigrants:An Empirical Study based on the Place of Mainland Immigrants Education

自1997年回归后,香港特区政府陆续出台了多项有关内地移民的社会政策。我们利用香港2011年的“香港社会动态追踪调查”数据,通过区分香港本地出生的市民、在香港接受最高教育的内地移民和在内地接受最高教育的内地移民,将研究聚焦于教育获得地对个人职业地位的影响上。研究发现,教育获得地差异更能说明内地移民和香港本地出生市民间初职地位获得差异及其变化特征;相比于回归之前的入职世代,在回归之后的入职世代中,虽然内地受教育者与香港受教育者之间的初职职业地位差距并没有缩小,但是前者所遭受的结构歧视减弱了;对接受内地高等教育者来说,同接受香港高等教育者之间的初职职业地位差距回报已基本消失。而在回归之后的入职世代中,两者初职地位获得差距主要是与内地受教育者的低教育水平有关。我们认为,特区政府应为这些低教育水平的内地移民提供更多的本地教育机会和营造一个更公正的劳动力环境。

Since the Return of Hong Kong in 1997, the Hong Kong SAR Government has introduced a number of social policies on Chinese immigrants. Based on the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamic conducted in Hong Kong in 2011, we focus on the place of education effect on the acquisition of immigrants’ initial vocational status among Hong Kong’s local-borns,mainland immigrants educated in Hong Kong and the mainland immigrants educated in China's Mainland. The study found that the place of education more clearly differentiate the initial vocational status between the mainland migrants and the localborns. Compared with the generation acquiring the initial vacation before the Return, In the generation acquiring initial vacation after the Return,The gap between the mainland-educated and the Hongkong-educated does not diminish. However the structural discrimination on the former is weakened. The gap on the initial vocational status between the mainland higher educated and the Hongkong higher educated has disappeared. In the post-Return generation, the gap can be explained by the lower educational attainment of the mainland-educateds. We believe that the SAR Government should go ahead on paying attention on local educational opportunities and constructing a more fair labor environment for the lower education mainland immigrants.