混菌发酵对产纤维素酶的影响及菌剂在大豆秸秆降解中的应用

Cellulase Production by Mixed Fungi Solid Fermentation and the Application in Soybean Straw Degradation

为提高秸秆还田过程中的腐解效率,减轻还田产生的病害加重现象,以稻草、麸皮为基本培养基,以黄绿木霉菌(拮抗真菌)、角毛壳菌及绿色木霉菌(纤维素高效降解微生物)为研究材料,测定3种不同菌种及混合菌发酵液处理下滤纸酶、棉花酶与羧甲基纤维素酶的活性变化。通过秸秆翻埋试验测定混菌发酵液和商业菌剂处理大豆秸秆发酵前后纤维素、半纤维素含量变化并探讨最适秸秆翻埋长度和深度。探讨混菌培养对纤维素酶产生能力及对大豆秸秆纤维素与半纤维素降解速率的影响。结果表明:滤纸酶活性、棉花酶活性与羧甲基纤维素酶活性均为黄绿木霉菌、角毛壳菌和绿色木霉菌3株菌混菌发酵的产酶能力最强,混合菌发酵的3种纤维素酶活性分别为385. 12,454. 30和495. 12 U。混菌发酵液处理与商业菌剂处理的大豆秸秆粉纤维素与半纤维素含量与空白对照差异显著,混菌发酵液处理的纤维素与半纤维素降解率分别可达66%和76%。大豆秸秆降解率与秸秆强度的变化说明:在大豆秸秆长度为3 cm,翻埋深度为10 cm时,秸秆降解率最高。添加混合菌剂的处理的秸秆降解率较对照提高50%以上,同时秸秆的强度降低约5倍,穿刺力降低。结果证实了3株不同真菌在秸秆降解中复合应用的可行性,可作为大豆秸秆还田中有效的腐解微生物资源。

In order to improve the decomposition efficiency of straw returning to field and reduce the diseases aggravation,an-tagonistic fungi Trichoderma aureoviride,Chaetomium cupreum and cellulose-decomposing fungus T. viride were used to studythe cellulase production ability of different strains in mixed culture and its effect on the degradation rate of cellulose and hemi-cellulose from soybean straw. The results showed that the cellulase activity,cotton enzyme activity and carboxymethyl cellulaseactivity of three different strains and mixed fermentation at different fermentation time were measured on rice straw and bran asbasic medium. The cellulase activity of these three strains mixed fermentaton was the strongest. The cellulase activity was385. 12,454. 30 and 495. 12 U,respectively. The changes of cellulose and hemicellulose contents before and after fermenta-tion showed that there were significant differences between the two treatments,and the degradation rates of cellulose and hemi-cellulose were 66% and 76% respectively. We also found that the degradation rate of soybean straw was the highest when thelength of soybean straw was 3 cm and the buried depth was 10 cm by the burying experiment. The degradation rate of soybeanstraw was increased by more than 50%,the strength of soybean straw was reduced by about 5 times and the puncture force wasdecreased by adding mixed microbial agent. The results showed that the three strains mixed could be used in the degradation ofsoybean straw,which could provide effective microbial resources for decomposition of soybean straw.