黄淮海夏大豆田“症青”的成因探析及预防

Exploring the Causes and Precautions of Soybean Staygreen Syndrome in Huang-Huai-Hai Regions

大豆'症青'是籽粒发育停滞导致植株源流库严重失调而产生的生理性症状。近年来,'症青'已成为黄淮海地区夏大豆安全生产的重要威胁。研究根据杨凌多年大豆生产数据和气象数据,依据大豆生殖生长与籽粒发育规律,提出'症青'区域性发生可能为大豆生殖生长期的极端气温(花荚期高温或鼓粒期低温)所致,而局部发生的'症青'可能与点蜂缘蝽或豆秆黑潜蝇为害、不良的栽培条件有关。在大豆花荚期没有极端气候侵袭的地区,防治点蜂缘蝽等综合栽培措施可以有效预防'症青'发生。而在易发热浪胁迫的地区,选择合适的耐热或避热大豆品种,结合虫害防治措施,可能会有效控制大豆'症青'的危害。今后应加强大豆'症青'发生机理的研究,并尽快确定一些应对措施。耐热新品种选育应尽快开展。

The soybean staygreen syndrome,named as‘Zhengqing’in Chinese,is a serious physiological disorder among the Source-Translocation-Sinkresulting in seed development stag nation and leaf stay-green at the late growth stage.In recent years,the staygreen syndrome is becoming a serious threat to summer soybean production in Huang-Huai-Hai region.Based on field investigation and climate records in Yangling,the causes of soybean staygreen syndrome,were discussed.The regional incidence of soybean staygreen syndrome may be caused by extreme temperature stress during soybean regeneration stages(heat wave during R2-R4 periodor/and early cold after R5 stage).However,the local incidence of soybean staygreen syndrome may be related to the infection of Riptortus pedestris and Melanagromyza sojae and in appropriate cultivation.The pest control involved in comprehensive countermeasures will be effective to prevent soybean staygreen syndromein where soybean grown without extreme climate hit at early reproductive stages.However,Soybean cultivars with tolerance(or escaping)to heat stress and pest-control may be effective countermeasures for the areas prone to suffering heat wave at early reproductive stage.It is recommended to explore the occurrence mechanism of soybean stay green syndrome and to determine effective countermeasures.The soybean breeding program for heat tolerance should be proceeded as early as possible.