斯密、李嘉图和马克思在贸易与收入分配问题上的论述

Trade and Income Distribution:Smith,Ricardo and Marx

当代经济学者们所关心的贸易对收入分配关系的影响问题,其学术渊源在古典经济学家的论述里。斯密最早反对对外贸易垄断权时,考虑的是这种垄断会扭曲要素的收入,会影响资本、劳动和土地的收益。而李嘉图关于对外贸易造成工资和利润两种要素价格发生相反变化的论述,是斯托尔帕和萨谬尔逊定理的先驱。马克思更是从他的价值理论和资本积累理论出发,分析了对外贸易到底会对利润率发生哪些影响。

How foreign trade changes income distribution,the question in which current economists are interested,can be answered in the works of classical economists such as Smith,Ricardo and Marx.When Smith opposed the monopolistic power on foreign trade in early times,his main arguement is that the monopoly can distort factors' income,and affect the revenue of capital,labor and land.Ricardo is the pioneer by his point that foreign trade will cause two factor's price,wage and profit change diversely,which is followed by Stolper-Samuelson Theorem.Marx,relyig on his value theory and capital accumulation theory,further analyzed with detail the influences on profit rate caused by foreign trade.