马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的“异化劳动”概念

Marx's Concept of Alienated Labour in the 1844 Manuscripts

在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思全面地系统地论述了异化劳动这一重要的概念。他继承了黑格尔哲学的"劳动"概念,并以批判的方式发展了这一观点——对"异化"和"对象化"间作了至关重要的区分。他指出劳动不总是导致自我实现的发生,在异化条件下,自我实现并不发生。马克思将异化劳动区分为四个方面进行阐述,深入分析了这一现象。作者认为,在马克思哲学中,把异化视为一个道德的批判的概念来理解是行不通的,我们应以相对的历史的方法来评估它;并且,由于马克思关于异化劳动的思想直接来源于黑格尔,因此从黑格尔哲学背景下来理解此概念,将使其变得更为明朗化。

In the 'Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844',Marx expatiates upon the fundamental concept of alienation comprehensively and systematically.He takes over Hegelian account of the concept of labor and develops it in a critical and radical way,making crucial distinction between 'objectification' and ' alienation '.Then,he points outs that work does not always lead to self-realization.In conditions of alienation,this does not occur.In the 1844 Manuscripts,Marx distinguishes four aspects of alienated labour and gives a profound analysis on them.The author maintains that we should assess the concept of alienated labour in a relative and historical way, rather than judge it in a moral approach;furthermore,Marx's thoughts on alienated labour derives directly from Hegel's philosophy,and hence the concept of alienated labour become visible when it is interpreted against the background of the Hegelian ideas in which it was developed.