马克思早期的“形式”概念与黑格尔的“形式”概念

The Concept of "Form" in Marx’s Early Thoughts and the Concept of “Form” in Hegel’s Thoughts

本文旨在从思想史的角度澄清马克思早期的“形式”概念与黑格尔的“形式”概念的关系。本文认为,马克思在《博士论文》中对“形式”概念的运用在继承黑格尔的“形式辩证法”的同时已开始出现与黑格尔思想的差异;在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思借助费尔巴哈的人本学实现了对于黑格尔辩证法中外在性维度之缺失的批判,其“异化的形式”概念是此时其思想矛盾的集中体现;而在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识形态》第一章中,马克思所提出的“社会形式”概念则彻底改造了黑格尔的“形式”概念,并成为马克思的历史科学之诞生的标志。

This article aims to clarify the relationship between the concept of"form" in Marx’s early thoughts and the concept of "form" in Hegel’s thoughts.lt insists that in Marx’s doctoral dissertation his using the concept of " form" contained something different from that of Hegel, even though Marx on the whole inherited the latter’s dialectic of form", and in his1844 manuscripts Marx criticized the lack of externality of in the dialectic of Hegel with the help of Feubach’s methods, whose inner contradictions are contained in the concept of " alienate form",and in Theses on Feubach as well as the first chapter of Germany Ideology,the concept of " social form"transformed the concept of " form" of Hegel absolutely and became the sign of the birth of Marx’s " science of history".