奥尔曼对辩证法辩护的限度——从对马克思异化理论的再考察谈起

The Limitation of Ollman’s Defense for Dialectics——Towards A Re-examination of Marx’s Theory of Alienation

基于全球化时代背景和新的资本主义实践,“辩证法的马克思主义”的主要代表伯特尔·奥尔曼,在关系性现实观视域下对马克思的异化理论重新进行考察。基于内在关系本体论与抽象方法,他对马克思方法中的辩证逻辑与历史主义加以肯定,进而对马克思辩证法及其重要性做出了论证和辩护,并借此论证出马克思方法的一致性及其思想的整体有机性。在这一意义上可以说是对那些“非辩证法的”马克思主义者(分析马克思主义与结构马克思主义)同时做出了重要回应。这些回应无疑是成功的,但是,这一辩护也有其限度,其最大困难就在于他对马克思思想中的价值伦理维度的反对与他的内在关系哲学思想之间似乎存在着内在矛盾。因此,深入考察奥尔曼在何种意义上对马克思的异化理论进行考察以及怎样进行重构,对于把握西方马克思主义哲学的演变进而深入理解马克思哲学本身具有重要理论意义。

Basing on globalization and new capitalist practice, the main representative of " dialectical Marxism", Bertell Ollman rethinks and re-examines Marx’s theory of alienation in the view of relational reality.Basing on internal relations ontology and the process of abstraction, he affirms the dialectical logic and historicalism in Marx’s method, as well as makes demonstration and defense for Marx’s dialectics, demonstrating the consistency of Marx’s method and the overall organic nature of its thought. In this sense, Ollman’s reconstruction could give a direct response to the "non-dialectical" Marxist( analysis of Marxism and structural Marxism) at the same time.However, this defense has its limit.The biggest difficulty lies between his opposition to the value ethics dimension in Marx’s thought and his own internal relations philosophy, which seems to exist an inner contradiction.Therefore,studying Ollman’s re-examining on Marx’s alienation theory in what sense and how to reconstruct would give an important theoretical significance on grasping the evolution of Western Marxist Philosophy, as well as in-depth understanding of Marxist philosophy itself.