从传统的公私对立到马克思的价值理论

From the Traditional Antithesis between the Public and the Private to Marx’s Theory of Value

马克思从未讨论传统政治思想中极为根本的公私对立问题。对此,阿伦特等保守主义思想家、追随卢卡奇的西方马克思主义者以及哈特和奈格里等后现代学者作出了各自的解读。本文试图证明这些解读都没有彻底突破传统政治思想的境域,而《资本论》开篇的价值理论表述了一种思考政治经济问题的新境域,公私对立在这一境域中不再具有根本性。马克思在这里运用的一对关键概念是'可感性'与'超感觉性'。

Marx never addressed the issue of the antithesis between the public and the private,which was so crucial to traditional political thought.Various interpretations of this fact have been made by conservative thinkers such as Hannah Arendt,Western Marxists following Georg Lukács,and postmodern scholars such as Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. The present essay attempts to show that these interpretations fail to radically go beyond the horizon of traditional political thought, whereas the value theory at the beginning of Marx’s Capital formulated a new horizon for thinking political-economic problems on which the antithesis between the public and the private lost its centrality.In doing so,Marx employed a pair of key concepts:Sinnlichkeit and bersinnlichkeit.