马克思“价值形态说”的近康德阐释——柄谷行人的《跨越性批判》评述

The Near Kantian Interpretation of Marx’s Value Form——Comment on “Cross Criticism” of Kojin Karatani

日本学者柄谷行人为了消除马克思主义哲学阐释中的主体之主体性,倡导直接从康德的背反论中寻求与马克思辩证法的关联,柄谷认为康德的背反论即某种关系(自身与他者)视角的辩证法,所以康德的自在之物(自由)并非超越性实体,而是作为'自身的他者'的现实存在。柄谷正是'他者之他者性'说明马克思的'共产主义'并非超越性目标,而是与现实的异化的人的世界'一体两面'的现实存在,为此柄谷从《资本论》中的价值形态说入手,试图揭示资本主义的历史性,进而揭示共产主义的'现实可能性'。但由于柄谷未能明确'关系'背后的历史性本质,即产生生产关系的历史运动本身,从而其理论沦为了形而上学的虚假预设。对柄谷的批判性解读无疑可以为我们理解马克思的历史辩证法提供一种新的视角。

In order to eliminate the subjectivity in the interpretation of Marxism philosophy, Japanese scholar Kojin Karatani advocates to seek the relationship with Marx’s dialectics from Kant’s antinomies directly. Karatani thinks that Kant’s antinomies is the dialectics of social relationship( oneself and the others), so Kant’s thing-in-itself(freedom) is not transcendental entity but actual existence as self-others. According to 'the otherness of the other',Karatani just illustrate Marx’s communism( freedom) is not a transcendent goal but the two aspects of actual existence from the actual alienated human world. For this purpose Karatani starts from the value form in Capital. He tries to reveal the historical nature of capitalism and reconstruct the communist’s metaphysics. Due to Karatani fails to clear the historical nature behind the relationship, his theory becomes a false presupposition of dishonest metaphysics.The critical interpretation of Karatani can provide a new perspective for us to understand Marx’s historical dialectics.