《巴黎手稿》中“第二自然”与“似自然性”的张力——兼评施密特《马克思的自然概念》

The Problem of Second Nature and the Semblance of Nature in the Paris Manuscripts——A Remarking on the The Concept of Nature in Marx

本文从第二自然的角度出发考察青年马克思在《巴黎手稿》对于现代伦理世界的重塑。通过对施密特在《马克思的自然概念》中工具主义、自然本体论、社会维度缺失三个方向上误读的批判,重新自德国古典哲学传统内构建马克思关于第二自然与'社会化的人'的论述,由此澄清了什么才是'真正的自然史'。进而,本文考察第二自然的异化形式'似自然性',论述一种激进的逻辑是如何引入第二自然理论之中的。

This essay investigates the reconstruction of modem ethical world in the texts of Paris Manuscripts from a perspective of second nature. According to the definitive study Der Begriff der Natur in der Lehre von Karl Marx by Alfred Schmidt, there are three kinds of misunderstanding of Marx i. e. Instrumentalism, the ontology of nature and the lack of normative social theory.With the critique of such problems, the essay will give a new argument of Marx’s second nature and socialized human from the tradition of German Idealism, thus illustrating the meaning of real Naturgeschichte(Natural-history).Meanwhile, except for the normative study, an estranged form of second nature-'the semblance of nature'will also be discussed, which introduces a radical dimension to the theory of young Marx.