作为经济社会学的历史唯物主义——雷蒙·阿隆对马克思历史哲学的阐释

The Historical Materialism as an Economic Sociology——Aron’s Interpretation of Marx’s Philosophy of History

在雷蒙·阿隆看来,马克思总体上是一个历史哲学家。他的历史唯物主义奠基于对资本主义的政治经济学批判,以及从社会学层面对人类历史做出的总结和预测。在历史哲学问题上,阿隆与马克思一样,既反对宿命论的历史哲学,认为这种先知式的预言抹杀了人的自由,同时也反对新康德主义以来的历史相对主义和虚无主义。他认为,人类创造着自己所不认识的历史。阿隆在马克思身上看到了自己,或说他其实是受马克思的影响:通过对自由问题的讨论,可以发现他不及马克思深刻,因为唯有通过对人本质的讨论才能呈现在历史宿命论与历史相对主义之间的自由问题。

In Raymond Aron opinion, Marx is a philosopher of history in general.Historical materialism is based on the critique of capitalist political economy,based on the sociology on the history of the summary and prediction. In the philosophy of history, like Marx, Aron opposed both the fatalistic philosophy of history, which has a prophetic predicted rub out freedom, and opposed the historical relativism and nihilism since the Neo-Kantianism. In his view, people create their history which they do not know.Through Marx Aron saw himself, or in other words, he was influenced by Marx. Through the discussion of freedom,it can be found that Aron’s thought is not as profound as Marx, because it is through the discussion of human’s essence could be presented the sense of freedom between historical fatalism and historical relativism.