华裔美国女性文学中女性意识与民族意识的角逐（英文）

The Negotiation between Feminist and Ethnic Agendas in Chinese American Women’s Fictions

民族意识、国家意识、性别意识从来不是单独存在的,而是处于紧张的对立和张力关系之中。对于华裔美国女作家来说,中国传统的男权社会的影响和美国少数民族的身份,必然使得民族问题与女性问题以复杂、矛盾、冲突的形式交织在一起。本文探讨19世纪末期到今天华裔美国女性文学中民族意识与性别意识的紧张的张力关系。笔者把这个时期的文学大体分为三个阶段:19世纪末到二战;二战到20世纪70年代末;20世纪80年代至今。我们看到女性意识从早期被囊括在民族意识之中,发展到与民族意识并重,甚至超越民族意识,以及后来民族意识与女性意识在后结构主义和后殖民主义大环境下发生变迁。今天的华裔美国女性文学呈现多维性、多元性,并且不断地跨越边界,挑战边界,拒绝被分门别类。

Race,nation,and gender categories are never unitary and separate.Issues of race and gender are both obstacles that Chinese American female writers have to overcome but ethnic and gender identities are always negotiated in tension against each other.For the women writer whose ethnic community is patriarchal,ethnic and feminist values and identities inevitably intersect in uneasy,conflicting,or violent ways.The present study investigates the negotiation between feminist and ethnic agendas in Chinese American women’s writings from 1890 s to present.For the sake of classificatory and conceptualizing convenience,I divide Chinese American women’s literature into 3 rough phases:1890s to WWII;WWII to late 1970s;early 1980 s to present.I conclude that female subjectivity range from being accommodated within ethnic agendas,to weighing equally or even more than ethnic agendas,and to that both agendas being subsumed within in the contexts of poststruturalism and postcolonialism.Today Chinese American women literature is heterogeneous,multinational,multiracial,and multicultural-a site of shifting boundaries and of straining limits.