当代中国政府“西方观”话语的变迁——基于中央政府历年报告文本的研究

The Evolution of China’s Official Discourse on the West: EmpiricalAnalysis of Official Reports on NPC and General Assembly

“东方主义”文化话语下的“西方”渗透着西方主义的支配性与霸权思维。但是在中国政治语篇分析中,“西方”却经历了作为“革命”的对象、“合作与对话”的对象以及日渐“平等的他者”等三个阶段。中国政治话语中的“西方”是对文化研究领域中的“西方”的解构,也正是通过这样的解构而不断建构一个政治话语场域的“革命的东方”“发展的东方”以及“大国东方”。这类话语逐渐摆脱了“东方主义”对“我者”与“他者”二元对立关系的框定,进而实现了不同政治制度、社会文化、发展阶段的国家话语之间的对话与融合,也符合中国作为一个从世界体系的“边缘”向“半边缘”,并逐渐进入世界体系“核心区域”的历史发展进程。同时,中国政治话语视域下的“西方”形象的嬗变恰恰印证了中国世界观与自我中国观认知的发展;中国的“世界观”话语也逐渐走出“冲突与对抗”的二元体系,走出了具有排外倾向的“本质主义”话语,进而塑造了中国特色的“批判性世界主义话语”。

The image of the West embodies the dominance and hegemony of the Westcentralism in Orientalism discourses.However,the outlook of the West in Chinese political discourses has evolved from the object of China’s revolution,the cooperator for economic interaction as well as the equivalent partner in global governance.The author argues that the image of the West in China’s political discourses represents the destruction of the West in Orientalism cultural discourses,and then based on which,the image of China has been reconstructed as a revolutionary East,blossoming East and powerful East.The images of the West and East in China’s political discourses keep the binary opposition frame and help to foster inclusive dialogue among nations with different political systems,social cultural systems and stages of social development,when China’s position in the world system has been moved from the periphery to semi-periphery and now gradually into the core area.Meanwhile,the evolution of the outlook of the West in China’s political discourses also verifies the development of China’s worldviews and self-perception,and the binary opposition frame containing the elements of revolution and conflict has been abandoned.A new and modern critical cosmopolitanism discourse with Chinese characteristics has been constructed,setting a mile stone on China’s way from essentialism to multiculturalism.