地浸采铀技术与工艺

In-situ uranium mining technology and its application

地浸采铀是世界上十分先进的采矿技术 ,其基本原理是对可地浸砂岩型铀矿按一定网度布置工艺钻孔 ,从注液孔注入地浸液 ,使地浸液与铀进行充分反应 ,经抽液孔提出地表 ,在地表工厂进行萃取铀的过程。地浸法分为酸法和碱法两种。地浸采铀能使低品位砂岩型铀矿成为有工业价值的矿床 ,由于对环境污染小 ,已被世界大多数国家广泛采用。但是并非所有的砂岩铀矿都能地浸 ,只有符合地浸地质—水文评价指标的砂岩铀矿才能地浸。地浸工艺包括钻孔的布置、浸液的配制、地下水的复原和环境保护等方面。我国的地浸采铀于 2 0世纪 70年代开始探索 ,90年代中期开展了大规模的地浸砂岩铀找矿与开采工作 ,并取得了突破性进展 ,新疆5 12矿床是就是利用地浸技术评价与开采的我国第一座大型地浸铀矿山。

In situ uranium mining is a very advanced mining technology in the world. Its basic principle is that injecting drills and then pumping drills are decorated according to graticule and then extracting liquid is poured into injecting drills and pumped from pumping drills after sufficient reaction with uranium ores.At last, uranium oxide is extracted in the factory at surface. The in situ uranium mining can be divided into acid and alkali methods. Now in situ uranium mining is being widely used in the world because it makes uneconomical uranium deposits which can not be mined with conventional method profitable and contribute less to population of environment. Only those sandstone uranium deposits which accord with the geological and hydrographic evaluation index can be mined in situ. The technology includes drills arrangement, extracting solution compoundment ,underground water restoration and environment protection,etc. In situ uranium mining was studied in our country in 1970s.The technology has been used widely and great achievement has been made since 1990s. No.512 uranium deposit of Xinjing is the first large scale mine evaluated and mined using in situ mining technology in China.