广州市垃圾压缩站环境影响分析研究

Study on the Environmental Impact of the Rubbish Compressing Station in Gnangzhou

为了全面了解垃圾压缩站对周围环境的影响,选择不同站址、不同规模及不同防护设施的垃圾压缩站,进行噪声、臭味、微生物、可吸入颗粒物(IP)的监测以及人群调查,并与传统垃圾桶收集及清洁对照区分析比较。结果表明:垃圾压缩站未引起周围居民急性病发病率异常;无论水平方向还是垂直方向,垃圾压缩站的IP、噪声均高于垃圾桶区和清洁对照区;臭味测定为恶臭级,硫化氢及氨有不同程度的增高;细菌总数和大肠菌群都处于较高水平,未检测出致病菌和溶血性链球菌。证实了垃圾压缩站为臭味、IP、微生物及噪声的发生源,卫生状况与压缩站的自然通风状况、与居民区的距离及有无防护措施有关。建议对已建成并运行的压缩站加强消毒、除臭和消声等措施;对于拟建的垃圾压缩站,要特别注重压缩站的选址,尽可能利用自然通风地扩散稀释作用和保证与周围居民有足够的卫生防护距离。

To study the impact of rubbish compressing transport station to theEnvironment, 6 stations were selected to monitor the noise, odor, microbe andinhalable particles (IP) to survey and the population health impact. All the indexes werecompared to the rubbish bucket and cleaning area. The incidence of the acute disease of the population was normal; the IP and noise level were higher thanthe rubbish bucket and cleaning area, the odor in the stations was fetor level, but thepathogenic and opportunistic bacteria were negative. Rubbish compressing stations are the sources of odor, IP, microbe and noise. The hygienic condition was associated with the natural ventilation, the distance to the residential area and whetherthere is protective facility or not. It is suggested that sterilization, odor elimination and ventilation should be strengthened to those running stations, emphasis on the natural ventilation and protective distance to the residental area should be taken to the new projects stations.