酒泉市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析及防治策略探讨

Analysis of epidemic features and prevention strategies of mumps in Jiuquan City

目的分析2006—2014年甘肃省酒泉市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,探索预防控制措施和策略。方法对酒泉市法定传染病信息报告系统和突发公共卫生事件信息报告管理系统报告的流行性腮腺炎资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2006—2014年共报告流行性腮腺炎10 186例,年均发病率99.11/10万;4—7月为全年发病最高峰、占40.71%,11月至次年1月为次高峰、占34.04%;男性发病高于女性,性别比为1.44∶1;发病主要集中在5~15岁年龄组,占90.01%;发病以学生为主,占79.23%,其次为幼托儿童,占6.56%;流行性腮腺炎突发公共卫生事件共计17起,占总事件数的29.83%,发病813例,占总发病数的35.36%。结论酒泉市流行性腮腺炎发病率高,学生和幼托儿童是防治重点人群,中小学校是暴发流行的重点场所;建议调整免疫策略,加强中小学校和托幼机构腮腺炎暴发疫情的控制力度,切实控制流行性腮腺炎的流行。

Objective To analyze epidemic features of mumps in Jiuquan City from 2006 to 2014, and discuss prevention and controll measures and strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was taken to analyze mumps data reported in the information systems and management system. Results From 2006 to 2014, totally 10 186 mumps cases were reported,with the average annual incidence of 99.11/100 000, and annual incidence peak from April to July, accounting for 40.71%, the second peak from November to January of the next year, accounting for 34.04%. The morbidity was more in the male than in the female with sex ratio of 1.44∶1, and concentrated in age group of 5 to 15 year-old, accounting for 90.01%. 79.23% of the patients were students, then nursery children accounting for 6.56%. There were 17 emergent public health events of mumps,accounting for 29.83% of the total number of events, with the onset of 813 cases, accounting for 35.36% of the total number of cases. Conclusions Incidents of mumps in Jiuquan City is high. Elementary and secondary schools are main outbreak places and nursery children are the focal crowds for prevention. Immune strategy should be adjusted to strengthen control and prevention of mumps outbreaks in the elementary and secondary schools.