海宁安国寺唐咸通经幢佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变的形态及价值

A Report of Sculpture of Story Adapted from Usnisa Vijaya Dharani Sutra on the Buddhist Stone Pillar during Xiantong Reign of Tang Dynasty in Anguo Temple in Haining City

安国寺唐咸通年经幢佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变造像为经幢上首度发现的佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变相,顺时针绕幢展开富有连续情节表现(含经序)的连环画式、附榜题的经变造像,将观瞻变相与绕幢礼拜(受持本陀罗尼的法门)融为一体,是佛教经变艺术形式迎合大众的重要体现。本文通过与唐宋同题材经变的比较,考察安国寺唐咸通经幢佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变造像在布局与内容表现上的特殊形态,指出这种形态一方面因经幢造像的特殊性所致,一方面反映了江南晚唐流行的是此前未见的一种佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变样式。安国寺经幢对后世经幢造像产生了影响。

This paper reports the sculpture of story adapted from Usnisa Vijaya Dharani Sutra during Xiantong Reign of Tang Dynasty in Anguo Temple in Haining City. It is the first time to find this kind of sculptures on Buddhist stone pillar. Clockwisely circling the pillar, there are 8 groups of figurines presenting sequential episodes of Buddhist story with inscriptions. This arrangement allows worshiper to watch Buhhist story image and worship circling pillar at the same time. It shows how Buddhist art tried to satisfy worshipers’ convenience. A comparison between it and other Buddhist story images during Tang and Song periods shows the characters of presentation of it. The characters, on one hand, is due to the property of a Buddhist stone pillar. On the other hand, they also reflect a new type of Buddhist story image adapted from Usnisa Vijaya Dharani Sutra popular in the region south of the Yangzi River by the late period of Tang Dynasty. It had an impact on the figurine on Buddhist stone pillar afterward.