区块链智能合同的适用主张

Smart Contract and Its Application

智能合同是指利用计算机程序履行义务的合同种类,其"智能性"表现在允许计算机"阅读"合同,并执行各项条款内容。与传统合同不同,智能合同无需当事人的具体行为即可实现合同目的。区块链技术的发展及其平台建设为智能合同的适用提供安全稳定的环境,使交易更加透明、确定,并具有极高的效率价值。智能合同具有显著的不可篡改性和自动履行功能,不可篡改性是指合同内容一旦确定并进行交易,则各项记录都将被保存下来,不得随意更改,当事人也仅在被允许的情况下对合同内容进行变更,而自动履行功能则是指智能合同特有"自动合同触发器",在符合预定条件时将自动执行合同内容。尽管智能合同能够降低交易成本并提高效率,但仍需注意受法律特殊安排财产的自动执行问题、漏洞产生的追责问题、争议的管辖权问题等适用上的困境,具体对策包括加入应用程序接口、分级录入当事人信息、建立专门争议解决机构等。伴随区块链技术的发展,智能合同的适用必然更加广泛,加之法律制度的跟进,其预期的效率收益也将成为现实。

Smart Contract is the type of contract which uses computer program to fulfill its obligations. Its'intelligence'is manifested in allowing the computer to'read'the contract and carry out the contents of various clauses. Different from the traditional contract, the Smart Contract can achieve the purpose of the contract without the specific behavior of the parties. The development of blockchain technology and its platform construction provide a safe and stable environment for the application of Smart Contract, and make transactions more transparent, determinate, and have extremely high efficiency value. Smart Contract have significant non-tampering and automatic performance function. Non-tampering means that once the contents of the contract are determined and traded, all records will be preserved and non-tampered, and the parties are only allowed to change the content of the contract. The function of automatic performance refers to the 'automatic contract trigger', which will automatically execute the content of the contract when it meets the predetermined conditions. Although Smart Contract can reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, attention should be paid to the problems of automatic execution of property subject to special legal arrangements, liability problems arising from loopholes, disputed jurisdiction issues, and so on. The specific countermeasures include adding the application program interface, entering the information of the parties at different levels, and establishing a special dispute settlement organization. With the development of blockchain technology, the application of Smart Contract is bound to be more extensive, coupled with the follow up of the legal system, its expected efficiency gains will become reality.