桐林遗址龙山文化时期聚落与社会之观察

Observation of the Settlement and Society of the Longshan Period of Tonglin Site

一、史地背景(一)地理环境与历史沿革以山东为中心的海岱地区,位于中国大陆的东端,东部略呈狭长三角探人大海,成为半岛。西部以泰、鲁、沂、蒙诸山地为中心,北宽南窄略呈扇形,构成该区脊部。脊部两侧属古生代和中生代地层构成的丘陵。丘陵外缘是山麓堆积平原,主要分布在胶济铁路沿线和微山湖东一带。再向外围环绕着鲁北、鲁西、淮北、胶莱、沂沭河诸冲积平原。

North Shandong is situated north to the Mount.Tai,facing alluvial plain in the north and mountainous valley in the south.The east-west loess belt on its north has been a social center for this area throughout all ages.Four city sites distributed from the west to east on the belt in the Longshan period,forming an economic corridor,Tonglin site was the largest.The site was complicated in the setdement structure,the city in the center and peripheral eight settlement communities formed a compound settlement with a close integrated rural-urban disparity.From the excavation,it can be seen that professional economy centered with pottery and stone tool industry had developed,it’s the industry and the favorable location that made Tonglin grow into the regional center.The study indicates the inside social differentiation kept up with the settlements’expansion,therefore,it’s obvious there was a great gap between Tonglin and other settlements,because Tonglin had developed into a regional center.However,such differentiation didn’t develop into a tight Pyramid hierarchy;no irreconcilable contradiction existed no matter inside the society or among the ethnic groups.It can be concluded it was the long-run social accumulations resulted in the Shandong Longshan cultural cities represented by Tonglin site,really not the result of wars.