汉魏洛阳西周城与西周洛邑探索

The Study of the Walled Settlement of Han and Wei Period at Luoyang City and Luoyi of the Western Zhou

西周洛邑成周的营建是西周王朝加强对东方监控的重要举措,其具体地望自汉代以来就多有争议。20世纪50年代以来,由于汉河南县城及东周王城的发现,对洛邑成周的探索主要集中在洛阳城及周围地区。20世纪末,汉魏洛阳故都内西周城址(本文统称为汉魏洛阳西周城)的确认,为研究洛邑成周提供了新资料。本文对相关问题试做探析。

The location of Luoyi,or named Chengzhou,has been a controversial topic since the Han Dynasty.Started with a panoramic study of discoveries and archaeological excavations around Luoyang area since 1950s,this paper focus on the walled-settlement of the Western Zhou period excavated in the 1990s,within the ancient Luoyang city occupied during the Han and Wei period.By the examination of the chronology of earthed-wall,as well as the cultural remains,we believed that the construction of this walled settlement is no earlier than the Middle phase of the Western Zhou,by which we mean the incompatible views on the temporal scale of the Luoyi that should build up at the beginning of the Western Zhou.It is safe to say that the walled settlement found at the Luoyang is not the Chengzhou.According to the archaeological research,as well as the historic literature,in constructing of Chengzhou at early period of the Western Zhou,emphasis is placed on the military purpose.In order to strengthen the social control on the east area,the authority of the Western Zhou setups the Dongdu,and makes a military settlement for the Chengzhoubashi at the Luoyi.At the Beiyao cemetery,the tombs may represent a royal cemetery of the Western Zhou,considering the tomb of Taibao of the Zhou Dynasty,and tombs of Kings from vassal states.Those people take charge of diverse political issues of the Zhou Dynasty,so Beiyao may,to some extent,not far from the Chengzhou.Among others,searching for Chengzhou should focus on the region around Beiyao,and Ancient Luoyang along the Chan River.