试论先秦时期的角形杯与兕觥

A Study of Horn-shaped Cups and Si Gong Vessels during Pre-Qin Period

角形杯,在考古资料中又称为角状器、角形器,亦有冠以其他名称者。这是一类较特殊的器物,考古发现不是很多,但却颇有特质。其外形多模仿兽角,主要是牛角或犀牛角。材质有陶瓷、青铜、玉石、骨、角等多种。内部有中空、半空及实心者。对其功能的推测较为复杂,观点多样,其中中空者多推断为饮杯。但总体而言,目前对这类器物研究尚不充分。

Form Neolithic Age,China had a tradition of using Horn-shaped cups.This tradition is different with the rython tradition from the West.Hom-shaped cups had evolved into complicated circled-foot animal vessels.But in southern China where the Yue Race live,the original cattle hom-shaped si gong(兕觥)had been used widely.Many bronze cattle hom-shaped si gong have been found in noble tombs and indicate their high social positions.Through the archaeological data,the hom-shaped cup with cloud and thunder patterns which is collected in Liuzhou Museum was belonged to a noble and is a perfect work representing the bronze culture at Lingnan Area in Spring and Autumn Period.