试论齐国的交通

Discussion on the Transportation of State of Qi

交通是一个国家的经济基础,是政治、外交、战争等胜败得失的关键。因此,研究齐国的历史,离不开古代交通的研究。以淄河和潍河为中心区的齐国,西北是黄河和低洼水漫之地,南面是泰沂山脉、沂沭断裂带、胶东丘陵及人工所建东西横贯的长城,东、北两面分别是黄海和渤海。以上这些地理单元(除沂沭断裂带)的阻隔,形成了一圈天然的屏障,也使齐国素有'四塞之国'之称。也正是由于这样的地理环境,才铸就了齐国的交通状况。

Based on the historical literatures and the distributions of passes of the Great Wall of Qi,arsenals and money,the paper proposes the transportation can be divided by water and land.The road from Lixia to Linzi-the capital of Qi was the main body,sub-roads stretched out from the two ends.Five roads began from Linzi to State of Lai,present Yantai,Langya seaport,State of Ju and State of Lu in the east or south.From Lixia,there were five roads leading to State of Zhao,Wei(卫),Wei(魏),Xue and Lu,and the Central Plains.The other two roads went through Jiaozhou Bay in south-east Shandong,one was started at Laiyang,passing the old town of Jimo,Gaomi,Zhucheng,Wulian,Juxian and Linyi,ending at Tancheng;the other one began from Rongcheng,going by Haiyang,nowadays Jimo,Mount.Lao,steering by Lingshanwei,Jiaonan,to Rizhao.The water routes had two:one passed the coastland of Wu and Yue,Langya,Jiaozhou Bay,Chengshan,Mouping,Zhifu,Penglai,Longkou to Jieshi in the north;the other started from Penglai,by the way of Miaodao Islands,Liaodong Peninsula and to Korea.In addition,Jishui River was a cruise way connecting Linzi and the Central Plains.The above all routes took shape of an integrated communication system.