汉代“水陆神灵交战图”识读——兼谈东汉祠堂画像的空间位置变化

Analyze on the"Amphibious Gods Warring Map"in Han Dynasty and Talk about Space Position Change of Stone Relief in Ancestral Temple in Eastern Han Dynasty

笔者曾将山东长清大街M1中一幅带有神话色彩的交战图命名为'水陆神灵交战图',以此为线索,又将武氏祠中左石室屋顶后坡东段石、'武氏祠南道旁画像石'和'蔡题一石'这3石画像确定为'水陆神灵交战图'的半幅图,或为水神一方、或为陆神一方。在此基础上,笔者对武氏祠左石室屋顶后坡佚失的西段石画像进行了复原,即该石上层画像内容应是以鹿驾车为主导的陆生神兵阵营.

This article establishes stone relief images"fish driving-deer driving"land animals-aquatic animals as basic composition elements,and then names eastern stone relief of Xiaotangshan in Changqing and Xihukou in Tengzhou as"fish driving-deer driving against map"and stone relief of Luanzhen in Feicheng and experimental middle school in Pingyin as"fish driving-deer driving travel map".The aim is to explore the evolution trajectory of stone relief image"amphibious gods battle map"by means of backward,which means in early period a simple synthetic"travel map"was on the after wall corner of ancestral temple and in middle period a simple"water camp-land camp against map"was on the eastern wall and in late period a complex"water camp-land camp battle map"was on the top.At the same time,through the analysis on space position change of other related images in different stages,the article discusses the symbolic meaning of the image space position.The author thinks"fish drivingdeer driving map"contenting both war and mythology means temple lord got the gods’protection after smoothly entering the death world,and its specific content may be related to folk fairy tales:Hebo and Taishan.