河南鹤壁大赉店遗址龙山时期植物遗存分析

Analysis of Plant Remains from Dalaidian Site in Longshan Period

大赉店遗址位于河南省北部的鹤壁市,1932年5月尹达先生对遗址进行了第一次发掘,2013~2014年国家博物馆及山东大学、云南大学等院校的研究生又进行了第二次正式发掘,文化内涵以龙山文化和西周文化为主。根据系统的采样浮选,笔者试图分析大赉店遗址在龙山文化时期的农业生产状况。首先,龙山文化时期,大赉店遗址以粟黍两种农作物为主,另外还发现有少量的大豆、小麦和水稻。通过和瓦店遗址出土大豆尺寸的比较,笔者认为大赉店遗址的大豆已经属于栽培类型;而极少量的小麦和水稻在大赉店遗址先民的生活中占有微不足道的地位。此外,大赉店先民在经营农业之外,还采集豆科和藜科等植物作为食物的补充。综上,大赉店遗址的农业种植结构至少在龙山文化时期已经开始趋向复杂化。

Dalaidian site is located in Hebi city of North Henan and was excavated for the first time by Mr.Yinda in May,1932.It was under formal excavation for the second time from winter of 2013 to summer of 2014 by the National Museum and students from Shandong University and Yunnan University,being predominated by Longshan Culture and Western Zhou Culture.According to the flotation of soil samples,I try to analyze and explain the agricultural production of Longshan period in Dalaidian.First of all,foxtail millet and broomcorn millet are the top two crops in Dalaidian site during Longshan Culture,as well as soybeans,wheat and rice.Comparing the soybean size between Dalaidian and Wadian site,we confirm that soybeans in Dalaidian are cultivated varieties.A small amount of wheat and rice may play a negligible role in people’s life at that time.Besides,the inhabitants of Dalaidian also gathered edible plants like Leguminosae and Chenopodiaceae as a supplement intentionally after farming.In conclusion,agricultural structure in Dalaidian site has become complex at least during Longshan period.