中国地方立法的现实与转型

The Reality and Transition of Local Legislation in China

对中国地方立法现状的判断,需要透过不断上升的数字表象,深入地方立法的实际样态进行剖析。经由对比地方立法在规范上应有的法律地位和具体呈现的社会效果,才能描绘中国地方立法的真实图景,揭示当下地方立法面临的主要问题及其症结所在。规范分析显示,地方立法具有重要的法源地位,且应在构建当地完善的法治秩序和保障中央立法在当地的有效实施方面发挥更主要的规范作用。实证调查发现,地方立法对行政与司法的影响力,并不完全吻合预期,而是受制于地方立法的特色化程度。文本对比揭示,中国地方立法复制中央立法的痕迹依然深重,各地立法同质化依旧明显。欲实现应有之规范实效,应促使地方立法回归统一国家立法权下的地方立法权之定位,并从精准化的问题导向、精干化的立法框架、精细化的方案设计入手,建构中国特色地方立法机制,以适应法治中国建设的历史性机遇。

The objective assessment of current situation of local legislation in China depends on the deep analysis of the actual state of local legislation,instead of focusing on the rising number of local regulations.The real picture of local legislation in China can be revealed through the comparison of due legal status of local legislation and its real effect in practice,which is also the approach to find the current difficulties of local legislation and their causes.Normative analysis shows local legislation is one of the important sources of law and should regulate most local affairs.However,the impact on administrative actions and judicial judgments of local legislation doesn't match theoretical expectation from empirical investigation.Text analysis shows there are obvious evidences that the local legislation copies central legislation.To improve the actual effect of local legislation,a China-featured local legislative system should be built,which is designed as local legislation under the unified state legislation,and has accurate problem-based orientation,compact legislative framework,and refined legislative provisions.