地方城市人大法工委立法工作运行机制改革

On the Reform of the Operating Mechanism of the Legislative Affairs Commission at the Municipal Level

地方城市人大法工委是其常委会的工作部门,在立法工作中作用举足轻重。因所面临的地方政治场域以及现实的立法要求,其在实践中需仰赖一套怎样的运行机制还有待探索。在党的十八届四中全会提出全面推进依法治国的大背景下,《立法法》已就相关问题进行修改。通过对地方城市人大法工委运行机制的规范梳理与实证分析,可以发现其存在民众参与程度有限、立法部门化现象严重、科学立法程度不高、立法实用性不足以及对规范性文件备案工作重视程度不够等问题。因此,未来应当进一步增强立法参与主体的广泛性,完善民众立法意见的反馈机制与信息通道。对于技术性较强的立法,应当尽量适用第三方机构的起草机制,同时明确政府部门在立法起草中的释明义务。另外,应当丰富专家参与立法的类型,调整专家参与立法的时段,提升立法科学化程度;最后,立法应当针对地方实际,避免重复、照抄上位法,确保立法的地方实用性。

Legislative Affairs Commission of municipal level,as an administrative department of its Standing Committee of the People' s Congress,plays a vital role in the legislation.In the light of the local political circumstance and the specific requirement of legislation,it is necessary to explore a reliable operating mechanism of the Commission on the basis of practical work.Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of CPC,the central government has been promoting the rule of law nationwide,and legislation Law has been amended on relevant issues.Through empirical analysis and strict inspection of the active operating mechanism of local Legislative Affairs Commission,we found problems such as limited public participation,legislative departmentalization,low degree of scientific legislation,impractical legislation and negligence of the record of some normative documents.Therefore,efforts should be made to improve the participation of relevant legislative participants and to optimize the feedback system and information channel of public advice and opinions on legislation in the future.For laws that are highly professional and technical,it is better to consult from a third party and in the meanwhile the governmental institutions should clarify its obligation of explanation during the drafting procedures of law.In addition,in order to realize a scientific legislation the experts participating in the legislation should be diversified,and the period when the experts get involved in the legislation should be adjusted.Finally,the legislation should aim at solving practical problems,avoid repetitive legislation and stop copying upper-level laws to guarantee the local practicability of law-making.