风险社会视角下的立法决策观念转变——以权力和权利为中心展开

The Idea Transformation of Legislative Decision-making From the Perspective of Risk——Focusing on Power and Rights

我国正处于立法转型期,其表现是多方面的:如由立法数量转向质量,由立法"前"转向立法"后",由立法转向修法,等等。立法转型潜在立法风险,需要转变立法决策观念:在权力上,风险社会下要实现保障人民安全和幸福的目的就需要强调权力与权力之间的合作,包括国家之内的权力合作和国家与国家之间的权力合作,从而赋予权力充足的力量;在权利上,风险社会下人民要求立法能提供更多的保护使其免受损害,强调立法决策中要重视安全的权利观和社会保障权。治理风险是权力和权利的共同目标,因此,立法决策还应重视权利与权力合作。最后是立法决策升级换代,由强调权力的消极被动及分立和最小作为的消极意义的第一代立法决策,以及强调权力积极作为的第二代积极意义立法决策,升级到连带意义的第三代立法决策:强调权利与权力互相依存和处于连带之中,也强调立法决策主体与立法被动受体同处"权益共同体"之中,力求风险社会下的互动、合作、共赢、共享。

China is in a period of legislative transition,such as the transitions from emphasizing the quantity to the quality of legislation,from 'before' legislation to 'after' legislation,from law-making to law-amending,etc.There are potential legislative risks during the legislative transition period,and it is necessary to transform the idea of legislative decision-making.Firstly,legislative decision-making should emphasize cooperation between power and power,including power cooperation within one country and among countries for the sake of security and well-being in risk society.With regard to the rights,the people in risk society require legislation to provide more protections from damages,especially emphasizing on security rights and social security rights.Secondly,risk management is the common goal of power and rights,therefore,legislative decision-making should attach importance to cooperation of rights and power.Finally,legislative decision-making should be upgraded,from the first generation of passive legislative decision-making and second generation of positive legislative decision-making to the third generation of legislative decision-making in joint meanings:emphasizing power and rights being interdependent and in the joint relationship,stressing the subject of legislative decision-making and passive receptors of legislation being in the same 'community of rights and interests',and seeking interaction,cooperation,win-win and sharing in risk society.