香港国家安全立法中的免责事由

Exemption Reason for Hong Kong Defending National's Security Legislation

国家机密资料的保护是香港特别行政区进行国家安全立法的重要内容之一。2002年,香港《基本法》第23条立法起草时,反对派对部分立法内容持否定意见,致使该项立法搁浅。他们认为,就保护国家机密资料而言,如果公众的知情权显然大于泄露该资料所带来的损害,则行为人不会因泄密行为受到惩罚。此时,如果不引入公众利益作为免责辩护条件,便不能保障言论自由。文章认为,如果行为人实施有损国家安全的泄密行为与言论自由的保障无涉,加之相关犯罪的构成要件已经足够明确和狭窄,那么引入公众利益作为免责辩护条件就不是恰当的做法。从法律技术层面上展开理性讨论,而非感性上为反对而反对,是重新探讨香港国家安全立法的前提。

The protection of state's confidential information is one of the important contents of Hong Kong's defending national security legislation.In 2002,When Article 23 of the Basic law of Hong Kong SAR was drafted,part of the legislative content were put aside because of the the opposition camp.They believe as far as the protection of state's confidential information is concerned,if we value the public's right to know more than some damage caused by the disclosure of the classified information,then the actor will not get the punishment they deserve.Meanwhile,the freedom of speech cannot be guaranteed if we do not bring in the public interest as a justification for non-liability.This paper argues that implementing acts that may endanger the national security,shall not be protected as free speech.More than that,the according constitutive elements of crime is explicit enough,pleading for public interest doesn't see justifiable.It is concluded it would be better that the premise of revising Hong Kong's defending national security legislation is based on the rational discussion in the technological level of legislation rather than irrational opposition.