立法后评估的近视与远观:实践问题与理论反思——以《甘肃省地质环境保护条例》立法后评估为例

Observation on Legal Post-evaluation:Practice Issues and Theoretic Rethinking——Taking Geological Environment Protection Act of GanSu Province as Example

通过对《甘肃省地质环境保护条例》立法后评估文本的分析,检讨该立法后评估中存在的评估基本数据收集困难、评估标准无所适用、评估方法依据和评估后回应机制缺失等不足。透过个案寻找、理性审视现行立法后评估的不足及理论研究存在的问题,提出如下建议:其一,在评估模式上以专家主导立法后评估为主,对立法后评估的启动主体、启动程序和启动机制等进行立法规范,同时进一步建立立法信息公开制度和立法后评估责任制度等立法后评估配套制度;其二,在评估目标的确定上至少需要考虑被评估的法律法规的合法性与合理性如何、被评估的法律法规的实施质量和存在的问题是什么、本次评估对该法律法规的立改废是否提供了决策依据等三个方面;其三,正确运用定量分析方法增加立法后评估所追求的绩效信息或绩效结论的"信度"和"效度"。为助益于我国常态化立法后评估制度的建立,呼吁对立法后评估这样重大的理论问题研究应力戒表面化、空洞化、泛概念化。

Through analysis to legal post-evaluation of GanSu geological environment protection act,the article finds difficulties in eficiencies of data collecting difficulty,confusion in evaluation standard,lacking of methods basis and reaction system.Rethinking deficiencies of post-evaluation nowadays according to the special case,the article suggested as following:First,establishing experts leading evaluating mode,regulating subjects,procedures,starting system with law and establishing legislation message opening system and responsibility system of post-evaluation as well.Second,thinking of more than three things when determining the objects of postevaluation.Those are legality and reasonability of the act,quality and problem of the act,and the policy basis of making or revising of the act.Last,quantitative analysis of legal post-evaluation must be given much attention to make the act more efficient.Beneficial to formal legal post-evaluation system,study on legal post-evaluation should not be on the surface,hollowing out and extensive conceptualization.