《民法总则》制定后完善我国商事立法的必要性与可行性

The Necessity and Feasibility of Perfecting Commercial Legislation after Enactment of the General Principles of Civil Law

市场法律制度的完善,在编纂民法典之外,更多交由与市场交易关系最密切的商事立法具体完成。《民法总则》对商法规范的加入存在"加入不足"和"过度加入"的问题,为完善商事立法留下了较大空间。解决这种《民法总则》加入商法规范存在问题的一个思路,是将《民法总则》的"立法剩余"交由《民法总则》制定后的商事立法完成。制定商事基本法,是《民法总则》制定后我国商事立法完善的主要思路。而商事立法完善和商事基本法立法的核心问题之一,在于商法一般条款如何进行立法完善。就《民法总则》制定后我国商法一般条款立法完善而言,应尊重民商分工逻辑,在商事基本法中完成商法特有原则、商事主体、商事行为、商事权利、商事严格责任等商法一般条款的"剩余加入"。此种"剩余加入"可以不全部采取国家立法形式,而是通过示范性的商事通则和商事自治规范等立法形式加以完善。

The perfection of the market legal system,in addition to compiling the Civil Code,is more concretely accomplished by the commercial legislation closely related to the market transactions.The General Principles of Civil Law has the problem of"under-joining"and "over-joining"to the incorporation of the commercial law norms,leaving ample room for perfecting commercial legislation.An idea to solve this problem is to complete the"Legislative Residuals"in commercial legislation after the enactment of theGeneralPrinciplesof CivilLaw.The formulation of the General Principles of Commercial Law is the main way of perfecting commercial legislation after the enactment of the General Principles of Civil Law.One of the core issues in the perfecting of commercial legislation and in the formulation of the General Principles of Commercial Law lies in how to perfect the general provisions of commercial law.For perfecting the general provisions of commercial law,we should respect the division of labor between commercial law and civil law and stipulate the unique principles of commercial law,commercial subject,commercial act,commercial rights and strict liability in the General Principles of Commercial Law.Such works may not be fully adopted in the form of national legislation but will be perfected through such forms of civil legislation as exemplary commercial rules and commercial self-government norms.