人民、国家与政党：中美政治发展道路比较

People, State, and Party: A Comparative Study of Political Development in China and the United States

通过'人民—国家—政党'三维框架,辨析中美政治发展道路及其基本政治理念的内在差异。在中国和美国的政治发展过程中,政党和国家的关系有着根本差异。美国政党代表资产阶级特定利益集团的利益,在既定政治框架下作为政治博弈的一方力量而行动,受到既定的资本主义国家制度的约束,以一套制度化、法律化的方式把既有的资本主导的政治秩序固定下来,人民是不可能作为一个整体性的政治主体而存在的。而新中国是在中国共产党的领导下得以建构的人民共和国,政党先于国家而存在,人民是国家真正的主人,国家是由人民所掌握并为人民的利益服务的。在新中国成立后,中国共产党继续担负起领导国家建设和发展、推动社会全面进步的重大使命。人民共和国真正贯彻和实现了现代民主的基本逻辑。中国的政治发展无疑更加认真地对待真实的民主需求,为了使人民真正享有平等权利、真正当家作主而努力创造条件。

Within the three-dimensional framework of'people-state-party',this paper sets out to investigate the inherent differences between China and the United States in their respective courses of political development and ideas underpinning their political systems.The relationships between party and state in China and America differ fundamentally.A political party in the U.S.represents the interests of a specific interest group of the bourgeois class,and functions as one of the rivaling forces within a given political framework.Bound by the rules of a capitalist state,political parties in the U.S.solidify capital-dominated political order by institutional and legal means,thereby denying the possibility American people existing as a political subject.However,China is a People’s Republic founded under the leadership of the CPC,whose birth predates that of the state;and its real masters and controllers are the Chinese people,whose interests are served by the state.After founding the PRC,the CPC has undertaken the mission of leading the country in pursuit of development and promoting wide-ranging social progresses.The People’s Republic puts the basic logic of modern democracy into practice,it treats democratic demands with greater seriousness and creates conditions for people to truly enjoy equal rights and to become masters of their own country.