“积累”革命——新中国经济变革的现代化目标和社会主义追求的矛盾统一

Revolution of Accumulation: Contradictory Unity of Modernization Goals and Socialist Pursuit in China’s Economic Transformation

新中国70年尤其是改革开放以来,中国经历了极为成功的初始积累,表现为赶超的成功,也就是快速摆脱世界资本主义体系的主宰、很有希望在可及的未来不再承受核心国家的剥削和剩余攫取。与此同时,至少在微观层面以及在相当程度上,自改革开放以来社会主义导向的逆转也是现实,表现为雇佣劳动关系的全面渗透、劳动者主人翁地位的缺失。这种情况不一定意味着马克思主义意义上的剥削、剩余价值榨取成为主导。整体看,关键是经济剩余的运用主要归于国家,很大程度上转化为全体人民的生活改善,这很难说是资本主义性质的积累。长期而言,人民群众的生活改善是必需的,而维持革命热情的社会主义政治同样是必需的。这样,对于社会主义过渡而言,无产阶级的主人翁地位不仅与初始积累同等重要,甚至必须渗透进积累本身。

China has undergone highly successful primitive accumulation since the founding of the People’s Republic and especially since the beginning of Reform and Opening-up.It has excelled in the catch-up game,thereby breaking free from dominance of the world capitalist system;and it stands good chance in preventing the core states from further exploiting China and appropriating its surpluses.In the meantime,however,socialist orientation has been overturned to a significant extent at least on micro level since 1978.The working class have been thoroughly reshaped by contractual labor relations,resulting in the loss of workers’master status.Nevertheless,the current situation does not portend that exploitation and surplus value extraction in the Marxist sense would become the order of the day.On the macro level,the state still controls how economic surpluses are largely spent to improve people’s livelihood.Therefore,China’s accumulation process can hardly be described as capitalist in nature.In the long term,it is equally imperative to improve people’s livelihood as it is to maintain revolutionary enthusiasm in socialist politics.Thus,during China’s socialist transition,the master status of the proletariat class should not only be regarded as equally important as primitive accumulation,but also must permeate the process of accumulation itself.