论杜预、杜审言影响杜甫的唐代现实背景

On Practical Background of Du Yu and Du Shenyan's Influence on Du Fu

本文主要对杜甫接受其两位家族先辈杜预、杜审言影响的唐代的现实背景做了一些考论。认为,一,唐代贞观时开始,杜预被配享孔子庙堂,享有官祭,地位大有提升,这一现象应对杜甫等杜氏家族成员具有很大的激励。二,初唐时期,杜审言、杜嗣先两个家族相继把茔域营建于杜预墓次,这一现象建立起了杜氏家族与杜预联系的一个有形纽带,强化了杜预对其后世的影响。三,杜嗣先、杜审言同为杜预之后,又同为初唐著名文士,但杜嗣先偏重于经史,杜审言重于诗歌。他们文化取向的差异当与其南、北不同的家族经历和传统有一定关系。四,杜审言所带来的诗歌传统和杜预所带来的儒学及政治功业传统是杜甫所面对的最主要的两个家族传统。他们影响杜甫形成了"诗是吾家事"与"奉儒守官"两途并行的人生范式,也潜在地影响了杜甫把儒学精神融入诗歌的倾向。

This paper examines the practical background of the Tang Dynasty under which Du Fu is influenced by his two ancestors,Du Yu and Du Shenyan.This paper holds that,firstly,the Dus were greatly encouraged by their rise in the status as Du Yu was allowed to enter the Confucius Temple and enjoy the official sacrifice from Zhenguan period.Secondly,during the early Tang Dynasty,the two families of Du Shenyan and Du Sixian successively built their graveyard near that of the Du Yu,which established a tangible bond between Du Yu and the Dus,as well as strengthened Du Yu’s influence on future generations.Thirdly,Du Sixian,the famous historian and Du Shenyan,the well-known poet were both offspring of Du Yu.The differences in their cultural orientation are related to their different family experiences and traditions of the south and the north.Fourthly,the poetic tradition from Du Shenyan,together with Confucianism and political work tradition from Du Yu are the two main family traditions that Du Fu faces.Their influence forms Du Fu’s parallel paradigm of life between'poetry is my family legacy'and'practicing Confucianism and obeying officials',and also Du Fu’s tendency to integrate Confucianism into poetry.