两种不同话语语境中的大众文化研究批判

A Critical Study of the Public Culture in Two Different Discourse Context

西方古代和我国古化“文化”的概念是在道德理性的孕育中产生、发展和形成的,西方的“大众文化”是指文化工业,未必是一种文化。以西欧国家为典型的西方市民社会相对进步的市民意识和法治意识、科学思想和现代科技知识信息技术的普及,是西方“大众文化”理论的话语语境。这与我国文化产业和大众文化所处的文化话语语境是完全不同的。我国文化批判话语中的“大众”有其传统的内涵,以“文化工业”来界定“大众文化”(mass culture)似乎更准确一些。社会转型时期,在我国公民的日常文化生活中,特别是在社会弱势群体的利益基础上,单由文化工业和资本支配操纵的大众传媒是很容易形成文化话语霸权的。我们的大众文化批判理论不是由西方理论本土化来的。我国的国情决定了我们必须从最大多数人的利益出发,来建设有中国特色的大众文化。

The concept of culture in the ancient Western and the concept of culture in ancient China are formed intheir respective morality system and logos. The public culture in the western world is a kind of cultural industry, maybenot a culture in its strict sense. The discourse context of the western public culture, represented by the Western EuropeanCountries',includes the relatively advanced consciousness of citizen and law, the popularization of science thoughts, mod-ern science knowledge and information technology. This kind of context is entirely different from the Chinese cultural dis-course context, in which the Chinese public culture exists. The concept of' the public' in our cultural critical discourse hasits traditional meaning. Maybe, it is proper to define, mass culture' in the sense of' cultural industry'. During thechanging period of society, the hegemony of cultural discourse in the mass media, controlled by the cultural industry andcapital, tends to form easily in the daily cultural life of the Chinese people, especially on the basis of the benefits of the so-cial weak group. Our own critical theory of the public culture is not derived from the western theory. The situation of ourcountry decides that we must care the interests and benefits of the majority of the people to construct the public culturewith Chinese characteristics.