激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的原理与生物学应用

Principles and biological applications of laser scanning confocal microscopy

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在光学显微镜基础上结合了激光和计算机图象处理技术，把光学显微镜的分辨率提高了３０－４０％，其光学切片性能使观察组织、细胞的三维结构成为可能。本文简要介绍了共聚焦显微镜的历史和成象原理，着重介绍了其在生物学领域的应用，如样品的三维定量测量及活细胞的动态信号监测，并结合新兴的光生物学技术，如光镊、笼锁化合物的解笼锁、细胞分选、光漂白后的荧光恢复。

On the basis of light microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy combines the alser and computer image processing techniques, adn improves the image resolution by 30-40%. Its “optical sectioning' feature makes it possible to observe tissue and cells in 3 dimentions. The history and principles of confocal microscope are briefly introduced. We especially described the biological applications, such as 3-D measurement of specimens and kinetic signal monitoring of living cells. The prospects of confocal microscopy in cell biological application, combined with certain photobiological techniques such as optical tweezer, uncage of caged compound, cell sorting, fluorescent recovery after photobleasching, are also discussed.