口呼吸与鼻呼吸儿童颅面形态差异的研究

A study on the difference of craniofacial morphology between oral and nasal breathing children

目的 比较口呼吸与鼻呼吸儿童颅面形态的差异 ,探讨呼吸方式与颅面形态的关系。方法 通过口鼻气流同步测定系统的随机检测 ,选择鼻呼吸比例≤ 70 % (口呼吸组 )及≥ 95 % (鼻呼吸组 )的 1 1～ 1 4岁儿童各 34名 ,比较其颅面硬组织形态的差异。结果 口呼吸儿童与鼻呼吸儿童相比 ,面部呈明显的垂直生长型 ,下颌平面角 (MP SN)为 39 3 ,明显大于鼻呼吸组 (33 2 ,P <0 0 1 ) ;下颌体长度较小 ,下颌角开大 ,颏部及面型后缩 (P <0 0 5) ;其矢状骨面型可表现为I、II、III各种类型 ,两组间差异无显著性。结论 口呼吸是造成颅面垂直向发育不调的因素之一。正畸医师应注意及时去除影响鼻呼吸的因素 ,纠正口呼吸的不良习惯 。

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of craniofacial morphology between oral and nasal breathing children, and discover the relationship between respiratory mode and craniofacial morphology. Methods Using the system for the simultaneous measurement of oral and nasal respiration, 34 oral breathing children and 34 nasal breathing children aged from 11 to 14 years were selected. Results Compared with the nasal breathing children, the oral breathing children showed apparently vertical growth pattern. The mandibuler plane Angle of oral breathing children is 39 3, which is significant greater than that of nasal breathing children ( P < 0 01). The jans, the oral breathing children had shorter mandibular body, larger gonion angle, retrusive chin and face ( P < 0 05). On the other hand, in the sagittal direction, the oral breathing children may display all kinds of skeletal facial types. There is no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Oral breathing is one of the factors related to the vertical over development.