复合材料推力瓦在油润滑轴承中应用的研究进展

Research Progress of Composite Thrust Pads in Oil Lubricated Bearings

本文介绍了复合材料推力瓦在油润滑轴承中的应用研究进展,从自润滑原理分析了复合材料选用的基本原则,并提出了复合材料推力瓦匹配推力盘材质特性要求。复合材料推力瓦的瓦面材料由改性聚四氟乙烯发展到碳纤维复合材料,可以改善巴氏合金推力瓦在无顶油、高载荷、高温等特殊工况下的磨损。碳纤维复合材料相比巴氏合金具有较低的摩擦系数、比磨损率,相比改性聚四氟乙烯具有承受高介质温度、高载荷、高辐照剂量特性。碳纤复合材料推力瓦可解决核电、船舶、水利、电力和海水淡化等设备轴承中推力瓦磨损的问题,并降低轴承对高压油顶起系统的依赖,提高可靠性。最后,探讨了复合材料推力瓦目前存在的问题及未来仍需深入研究的方向。

This paper introduces the research progress of composite thrust pads in oil lubricated bearings. The basic principles for the selection of composite materials are analyzed based on the mechanism of self lubrication, and the material characteristic requirements matching with thrust disc of the composite thrust pad are put forward. The tile surface material of composite thrust pad is developed from modified polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) to carbon fiber composite material, which can reduce the wear of babbitt alloy bearing in special conditions such as without jacking oil, heavy load and high temperature. Carbon fiber composites have lower friction coefficient and specific wear rate compared with babbitt alloy, and can endure higher medium temperature, heavier load and higher dose of irradiation compared with the modified PTFE. Carbon fiber thrust pads can solve the problem of wear of bearings in nuclear power, ship, water conservancy, electric power and seawater desalination equipment, and reduce the dependence of bearing on high pressure oil jacking system,improving reliability. Finally, the existing problems of composite thrust pads and the direction of further research in the future are also discussed.