农业产业集群创新效率及影响因素——基于山东省寿光蔬菜产业集群的实证分析

Innovation efficiency and influencing factors:analysis of 32 enterprises in the Shouguang vegetable industria lcluster of Shandong Province

创新是当前农业产业集群研究的重要内容,掌握集群创新状况对指导农业产业集群发展具有重要意义。结合实地调研的数据,利用DEA-Tobit两阶段模型,对山东省寿光蔬菜产业集群企业创新效率及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:寿光蔬菜产业集群规模已接近最优状态,综合创新效率处于中等偏上水平,但仍未达到最优状态,主要原因是集群在科研技术投入、创新资源利用配置等方面不足造成的。进一步Tobit回归的影响因素分析发现:企业知识技术吸收扩散能力、政府财政支持力度、企业家创新精神和企业发展的外向性与农业产业集群企业创新效率存在显著的正相关关系,而企业规模对农业产业集群企业创新效率影响并不显著。最后,根据集群创新影响因素分析,提出发展建议。

Innovation is an important research topic of agricultural cluster at present. However, existing research on agricultural industry cluster has focused on the evolution mechanism, innovation models and competitiveness of such clusters and studies on innovation efficiency of agricultural clusters are relatively few. Exploring the key influencing factors of innovation will play an important role in guiding the development of agricultural clusters.Innovation of agricultural industry cluster is often reflected in product innovation and benefit, mainly through investment in scientific research, developing innovation networks, among others. The two-phase DEA-Tobit model has been used to analyze efficiency and influencing factors of multiple inputs and outputs for national, regional, and agricultural innovation systems and is considered an effective quantitative analysis method. Based on survey data, this paper analyzes the innovation efficiency and influencing factors of the vegetable industrial cluster in Shouguang County, Shandong Province, China, using a two-phase DEA-Tobit model. The DEA model analysis shows that innovation in this vegetable industrial cluster is in a good condition, with the large enterprises being the best. The scale of the vegetable industrial cluster in Shouguang County is at approximately the optimal state, while the comprehensive innovation efficiency is only at the average level, not reaching the optimal state.The main reason for this is the pure technical inefficiency derived from the lack of scientific research and technology strength. Tobit regression analysis indicates that knowledge dissemination and absorption capacity of enterprises, financial support of the government, innovative spirit of entrepreneurs and enterprises' development extroversion strength have significant positive correlation with agriculture innovation, while the scale of enterprises do not have significant influence on the cluster's innovation efficiency. The knowledge dissemination and absorption capacity of enterprises not only enables enterprises to have innovation resources in the cluster innovation network, but also has effects on innovation efficiency. Financial support of the government has the greatest influence on industrial cluster innovation, and the government has an important role in innovation of agricultural industry cluster. The innovative spirit of entrepreneurs represents an attitude towards innovation and development, thereby affecting enterprise investment in research and innovation. The paper also presents suggestions for encouraging agricultural innovation. Through facilitating the development of the cluster's innovation network,strengthening support from government agencies and foreign investment and cultivating the innovative spirit of entrepreneurs, efficiency oriented enterprise resource utilization will prevail.