境外金融地理学研究进展及启示

Progresses of financial geography and implications

在过去的30多年间,随着经济金融化和金融全球化的逐渐扩展和深化,国外金融地理学研究取得了新的进展。2007年源于美国的金融危机是国外金融地理学研究的重要转折点,金融地理学由此开始进入繁荣发展阶段。本文全面搜集了1980-2013年5月发表于13种国际权威地理学期刊的金融地理文献,共计245篇。通过对文献的梳理和分析,将国外金融地理学研究的主要议题总结为:金融中心的区位及影响因素、银行的空间分布及区域影响、金融排除、证券市场的空间变化、养老金的区域差异、风险投资的空间集聚及投资空间邻近性、金融化和金融危机等方面,重点阐述这些议题的研究进展,并总结了国外金融地理学研究的特征。在此基础上,从金融市场的快速发展、独特国情、国际资本市场的复杂性等方面展望了中国金融地理学研究面临的机遇和挑战。

Financial geography is a branch of economic geography and also a crossdiscipline using the methods of geography to analyze problems in the financial field. Financial geography as a discipline has existed for more than half a century. Along with the development of financialiaztion and globalization of the financial sector, the financial industry has become an important factor affecting the global economy. In the past three decades, research in financial geography has achieved new progresses internationally. Especially, the global financial crisis originated from the United States in 2007 was an important turning point in the development of financial geography research abroad, and a large number of financial geography literature has emerged since this crisis. Partly due to the crisis, research in financial geography has entered a flourishing stage. In this article, we collect, reorganize, and analyze the results of financial geography research abroad for a more comprehensive understanding of the subject. Based on 245 articles related to financial geography extracted from 13 international geographical journals from 1980 to May 2013, this article first discusses the research progresses on several major issues in financial geography, including the locations and influencing factors of financial centers, the distribution and regional influences of banks, financial exclusion, the changes in geography of stock markets, the regional differences of pensions, the spatial agglomeration and investment proximity of venture capital, financialization, and financial crisis. Characteristics of the research of financial geography abroad are divided into three aspects: first,both the number of articles and the research topics are increasing continuously from the early 1980 s, and particularly the number of articles began to increase more rapidly since 2007; second, the research areas expand from the developed countries to the developing countries and China has been an important research area since 2005;third, the research community is diverse, including geographers and economists. Compared with the financial geography abroad, financial geography in China is far from sufficient in depth and breadth. This article aims to provide references for financial geography research in China by examining the financial geography abroad. The research of financial geography in China began to develop from the beginning of the twenty-first century, but it is still very limited and at a preliminary stage by this date. With the reform and rising influence of China's capital market, the research of financial geography in China is facing an unprecedented opportunity: first, China's financial markets are growing at a rapid speed and a multi-level capital market has been formed; second, the socioeconomic conditions in China are different from the Western countries, such as economic foundations, development patterns, cultural traditions and so on; third, along with the development of economic integration, financial linkages among all countries are enhanced greatly and the international financial markets are becoming increasingly more complicated than ever before. Therefore, there will be more challenges in the future development of research of financial geography in China and geographers in China should and could contribute more on the studies in financial geography.