城市绿带及其游憩利用研究进展

Research progress of urban green belt and recreational use

绿带是指城市外围一定规模、基本连续及永久的绿色开放空间,是阻止城市蔓延、提高城市生态安全格局的重要手段,在城市外围规划建设绿带系统已被世界范围内各种规模的城市广泛采纳并付诸实践,但由于生态效用与经济效用难以平衡,中国大城市绿带发展遭遇瓶颈。因此回顾国内外绿带及其游憩利用的相关研究和经验,将有助于中国绿带研究的理论创新和实践发展。本文从绿带的兴起及概念辨析、绿带的空间结构与城市分布、绿带的功能与游憩利用、绿带的绩效评价4个方面对国内外相关研究进行了梳理。依托绿带研究的基本态势和经济社会发展的现实需求,认为1绿带的绿化控制与多功能利用的平衡;2绿带游憩功能开发对城市游憩系统的补充作用;3绿带游憩场所和游憩设施的优化配置等3个方面是未来绿带的研究方向,并着重强调绿带游憩功能开发对中国大城市的重要意义。最后,提出如何营造自然野趣的休闲氛围、符合绿带开发强度的游憩产品和形态的选择、游憩活动和设施的设置、游憩空间的规划设计及后续游憩场地的维护管理等将是绿带游憩场所和游憩设施优化配置的主要研究方向。

Green belt is a continuous permanent open green space with a considerable scope in the outskirts of a city. It is an important means to prevent the overexpansion of a city and to safeguard its ecological security. Planning and building a green belt in the surroundings of a city has been accepted and implemented globally for cities of various sizes. However, the difficult balance between ecological benefit and economic benefit has led to barriers to the development of green belts in large Chinese cities. Therefore, reviewing the relevant studies and experiences of green belts and their recreational use will benefit the development of theories of Chinese studies on green belt and their development in practice. This paper discusses relevant studies in China and abroad in the following four areas: green belt development and concepts; spatial structure and distribution of green belt in a city;overall function and recreation value of green belts; and performance assessment of green belts. As an effective way of urban containment, green belt is used to curb urban sprawl through an integrated development mode to limit city growth within a certain boundary. The practice of green belt development has expanded from the original ring-shaped style to various other forms, including wedge-shaped green belt, green belt surrounding the city as satellite areas, green belt as buffer zones, and central green belt. Recreational use of green belts has been an important consideration of green belt development for western countries. Depending on the distance from city centers, characteristics and types of activities, attractions, and facilities, recreational areas of green belts can be divided into different types. Moreover, the utilization rate of recreational areas relies on factors such as demand from the city where they are located, relative position to city centers, and quality of the recreational area and facilities.The near century-long practice of green belt policy among countries of the world proves that there are both positive and negative effects of green belt development. Based on the status quo of green belt studies and the demand of contemporary socioeconomic development, this paper concludes that future research of green belt will focus on:(1) the balance between urban greening management and multifunctional utilization;(2) Green belts' recreational function is the important complementary role of urban recreation system;and(3) the optimal allocation of green belt recreational places and facilities. Recreational value development of green belts has great significance for large cities in China. Areas needing further research for the optimal development of recreational areas in green belts include creating the leisure atmosphere in a natural environment; types and forms of recreational products that conform to the development level of the green belts; provision of recreational activities and facilities; planning and design of recreational spaces; and maintenance and management of recreational sites.