城市化对碳排放影响研究进展

Research progress of impact of urbanization on carbon emissions

城市化是全球发展的趋势,而城市化进程对温室气体尤其是二氧化碳排放的影响受到学术界的广泛关注。本文在全面系统梳理国内外文献及相关研究成果的基础上,从碳排放研究的起源与发展、研究内容与研究方法等方面对当前国内外研究现状进行了归纳和评述。从中看出:国内外的研究内容主要集中于城市化和碳排放的关系、城市化对碳排放影响的宏观及微观因素,以及城市化对碳排放的作用机理等方面;研究方法以定量分析为主,除基础的IPAT模型、STIRPAT模型之外,时空地理加权回归模型、指数分解、结构分解、多指标面板数据聚类分析等方法也广泛应用。总体而言,城市化进程对碳排放的影响是一个长期且复杂的过程,涉及诸多因素,目前的研究已逐渐深入、研究方法也多有创新,但仍需丰富研究视角、完善研究体系,更好地为城市化发展策略提供科学依据,为低碳城市发展奠定基础。

Urbanization is not only a worldwide phenomenon, but also the trend of historical development. As the impact of global climate change on people and the environment grows increasingly profound, the impact of urbanization on greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide emissions has received growing academic attention. This article examines a large number of international and Chinese literature on the impact of urbanization on carbon emissions and systematically summarizes and reviews these studies from the following three aspects: the origin and development of research on the impact of urbanization on carbon emissions, research contents, and research methods. The review shows that, current studies focus on the relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions; influencing factors of urbanization on carbon emissions, which include macro- and micro-level factors, and the impact mechanism of urbanization on carbon emissions. The main research methods are quantitative. Varies methods, such as IPAT, STIRPAT, GTWR, IDA, SDA, EBA, have been applied. Although Chinese research on the topic lags behind international studies, rapid progress has been made over recent year.Overall, the impact of urbanization on carbon emissions is a long and complex process, which involves population density, technological progress, industrial structure, level of economic development, and stage and level of urbanization in various countries and regions, as well as many other factors. Although the content of the current research is becoming more detailed and the issues have been addressed more thoroughly, and the research methods have become more scientific and diverse, the study on this problem still needs to be improved. For example,research perspectives should be broadened and research methods should be refined in order to provide a scientific basis for urban development strategies and lay the foundation for the development of low-carbon cities.