河南地区全新世环境考古研究进展及未来趋势

Progress and trend of Holocene environmental archaeology in Henan Province

河南地区是中国文明起源的核心区域之一,史前文明璀璨发达,是开展全新世环境考古研究的理想区域。近二十年来,河南地区环境考古研究中,文化演化的环境背景分析成果突出,灾变事件影响及人类对环境变化的响应研究亦有涉及,数字环境考古工作也开始逐渐起步。但在河南地区仍缺少高分辨率古环境重建方面的研究,且已有环境考古研究多关注环境变化对文明演化的影响,而在人类活动对环境变化响应及其环境效应方面研究尚显不足。此外,随着RS、GIS等技术应用的不断深入以及对景观考古的不断关注,考古遗址预测模型以及史前人与自然关系的定量和模拟研究已成为当前国际环境考古研究的热点。

As one of the core areas of origin of the Chinese civilization, Henan Province is an ideal place for Holocene environmental archaeological research. In the past two decades, the majority of studies of environmental archaeology in Henan Province focused on the environmental background analysis of the evolution of culture. A small number of these studies was on the impact of catastrophic events and human responses to climate change. Digital environmental archaeology also began to develop. But the region still lacks relevant research on high- resolution paleoenvironment reconstruction. Although great attention was paid to the research of environmental impacts on culture development, human responses to environment change and the environmental effects of past human activities were rarely examined. With the broader application of remote sensing, GIS, and other technologies and constant attention to landscape archaeology, archaeological site location modeling and quantitative studies of prehistoric human- nature relationship have become the focus of international environmental archaeology.