2000年以来长江经济带城市职能结构演变特征及战略思考

Characteristics of change and strategic considerations of the structure of urban functional divisions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt since 2000

基于城市职能的专业化部门、职能规模和职能强度三要素,利用全国第五次和第六次人口普查数据,分析了2000-2010年长江经济带城市职能结构与演变特征。结果显示:1工业、建筑业、商业、房地产、科研和其他服务业部门是长江经济带的基本职能部门;2长三角地区是长江经济带的工业重心,城市群和大城市的工业化进程显著,产业梯度转移已经取得显著效果,但尚缺少国家层面分区分级的调控引导机制,生态环境安全面临巨大压力;3建筑和房地产业职能正在由下游向上中游转移,并拉动包括商业、科研、金融、社会服务、其他服务业等生产性和生活性服务业的迅猛发展,但城市产业同构现象严重,中心城市集聚能力不足;4交通通信业职能下降,难以支撑长江经济带国家战略的顺利实施。针对以上特征与问题,建议以管理机制创新培育流域一体化城市(群)职能分工体系,以流域产业准入标准保障协同发展的绿色城市职能体系,以城市群战略和国家级新区链接城市职能互协互补网络体系,以长江经济带综合立体交通走廊优化沿江城市资源配置格局。

Based on the data from China's Fifth and Sixth Census, this article analyzes the urban functional divisions and its change in the cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB) from 2000 to 2010 with respect to the specialized sectors, scale, and degree of intensification. The results show that,(1) the basic urban functions of YREB include manufacturing, construction, commerce, real estate, scientific research and other services.(2) Yangtze River Delta Area prominently featured by city agglomeration and metropolitan industrialization, is the industrial center of YREB; And there are great achievements in industrial gradient transfer but lack of national level regulatory guidance mechanism by districts or levels, thus causing great pressure in eco- environmental protection.(3) Construction and real estate industrial functions are transferring from the cities in the lower-reach of the Yangtze River Basin to the cities in the middle- and upper-reaches, and propelling rapid and strong development of producer and consumer services including commerce, scientific research, finance, social and other services. However, there are problems such as serious urban industrial isomorphism and insufficient agglomeration of central cities.(4) It is difficult for the function declining of transportation and communication industries to support the smooth implementation of the National Strategy of YREB. Based on the above discussed problems, the innovative management mechanism is proposed to foster an integrated system of urban functional divisions for river basin development; the river industrial standards for access are recommended to ensure the coordinated development of green city functional system; the new national level districts and urban agglomerations are suggested to serve as the complementary approach to make the urban functional system more comprehensive, and the multi-modal transport corridor of YRBE could be used to enable the optimization of resource allocation along the Yangtze River.