北极地区地缘关系研究综述

A systematic review on geo-relations research in the Arctic

论文检索了科学引文索引(Web of Science)和中国知网(CNKI)中北极地区地缘关系的相关文献,借助CiteSpace文献分析软件的关键词共现分析功能,系统综述了2000年以来国内外关于北极地区地缘关系的研究重点。从研究内容上看,国外研究主要关注主权政治、航道利用、资源管理和原住民权益等主体性议题,而国内则着重关注地缘政治、航道交通、资源经济和地区治理等参与性议题。就研究方法上看,国内外研究中定性与定量方法兼具,但仍以定性方法和描述性方法为主。随着北极地区的发展,研究方法和研究视角有待丰富,研究领域和研究深度亟需进一步拓展和加强。北极地区具有重要的战略意义,未来应结合现代技术,借鉴国际上的地区发展理论,开展北极地区的可持续发展研究和中国参与研究,并构建新时代北极地区地缘环境理论。

In recent years,with the impact of climate change,the Arctic has aroused extensive concerns worldwide.In this article,we systematically reviewed the publications on geo-relations in the Arctic from 2000 to 2017 in both the English and the Chinese literature.We identified 289 articles in English and 596 articles in Chinese by searching in Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),respectively.In terms of the number of publications,10 or fewer papers were published in both English and Chinese each year from 2000 to 2008,but there was a significant growth in numbers after 2009.The Keyword Co-occurrence function of the CiteSpace software was used to visualize the keywords of the searched publications for analyzing the research trend.In terms of contents,the publications in English focused on sovereignty,mainly involving continental shelf,the Svalbard archipelago,and the legal status of the continental shelf.Some studies focused on the economy and feasibility of transportation routes in the Arctic,considering navigational conditions and costs.In addition,the natural resources in the Arctic region,such as oil,gas,and fishery,were major topics in the English publications.By the influence of critical and humanistic geopolitics,the survival,interests,and rights of indigenous population were also discussed.In the Chinese literature,many scholars focused on the geo-relations among Russian Federation,the United States,and Canada.China’s participation in Arctic affairs and Arctic governance were often discussed,such as identity construction and cooperation approaches.Being different from the English publications,the impact of Arctic Passages on the international economic order has been paid more attention to in the Chinese literature.Furthermore,many scholars discussed the influence,particularly on the economic field,of developing the Arctic region from a national perspective.In general,publications in English have mainly focused on sovereignty and politics,channel utility,resource management,and indigenous people’s rights and interests in the Arctic,while the Chinese publications have paid more attention to geopolitics,transportation,resource utilization,and regional governance in the region.Although some studies were conducted by using quantitative methods,the majority of publications were rather descriptive.The research methods and research questions need to be developed in this research field.The Arctic is a region with strategic significance.In the future,in combination with the development of research methods and international regional development theory,sustainable development in the Arctic and China’s participation need to be further studied,and a theory of geo-relations needs to be constructed and applied in the study of the Arctic.