三峡库区生态屏障区土地利用规划生态效应评估

Evaluation of Ecological Effects in Land Use Planning:A Case Study of Ecological Barrier Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area

以地处三峡库区腹心地带的重庆市云阳县为例,基于土地利用多功能性,以Costanza等的生态系统服务价值测算方法及谢高地等制定的生态服务价值系数为基础,构建不同土地利用类型生态服务价值修正系数,从生态系统服务价值以及景观格局视角定量估算三峡库区生态屏障区土地利用规划生态效应。结果表明,以土地生态功能建设为导向的土地利用规划能够快速提升生态屏障区生态系统服务价值,增强屏障区调节气候、保持土壤、维护生物多样性等方面能力,云阳县三峡库区生态屏障区生态系统服务总价值从2010年的15.53亿元提升到2020年的19.98亿元,年均变化率达到2.87%;至2020年云阳县三峡库区生态屏障区初步构建一个以"林地为骨架,耕地、园地、草地为补充"的生态系统服务格局;同时,云阳县三峡库区生态屏障区生态系统服务价值及其调节服务和支持服务价值表现出显著地空间分异特征,其中磨刀溪流域生态系统服务价值提升幅度最大,澎溪河流域次之,长江沿岸生态服务系统价值保持稳定增长,而长滩河流域变化不大。

This article takes Yunyang County of Chongqing, which is located in the hinterland of the Three Reservoir Area, as a case study area. And based on the Costanza'study theories and ecosystem service value coefficient set by Xie Gaodi, correction coefficient of ecosystem service value in different land-use types is constructed, such as paddy field, dry land, woodland, shrub land, other woodland, garden, construction land and other land, and then a quantitative analysis of the ecological effects of ecological barrier zone in land use planning is made from the aspects of ecosystem service value and landscape pattern. The results can be shown in the following aspects: land use planning, guided by ecological functional construction, can develop the ecosystem service value of ecological barrier zone rapidly, and strengthen the ability to adjust climate, maintain land soil, and protect biological diversity. The whole ecosystem service value in Yunyang ecological barrier zone would be rising from 1.552 billons in 2010 to 1.998 billons in 2020, and average annual change rate would reach to 2.87%. In 2020, Yunyang County ecological barrier zone can be built a ecosystem service pattern,which is taking forest as the core land type, while cultivated land, garden, grassland as supplement. The ecosystem service value, regulation value and supporting value of ecological barrier zone in Yunhyang County have been shown an obvious spatial diversities. The ecosystem service value of the Modao River Basin has been rising largest, followed by the Pengxi River Basin, and the ecosystem service value of the Changjiang River has been maintained steadily, while little change has been in the Changtan River Basin. It should clarify the adjusting direction of land use structure and improve the scientific decision-making level in land use planning and ecological protection practice by making an evaluation of the structural adjustment of different land-use types and its ecological effects.